stem cells are undifferentiated self regenerating multi potential cells. there are three types of stem cells categories by the ability to form after cells and correlated with the body’s development process. totipotent: these stem cells can form an entire organism such as fertilized egg. ploripotent: ploripotent cells are those that can form any cell in the body but cannot form an entire organis...

introduction to evaluate the expression patterns of cytokeratin (k) 12, 13, and 19 in normal epithelium of the human ocular surface to determine whether k13 could be used as a marker for conjunctival epithelium. methods: total rna was isolated from the human conjunctiva and central cornea. those transcripts that had threefolds or higher expression levels in the conjunctiva than the cornea were ...

there is increasing trend in using recombinant stem cells as novel therapeutic candidates in different diseases. these studies encompass different applications from targeted homing of mesenchymal stromal (stem) cells (msc), to arming them with different cytokines. resistance to transfection or transduction methods had urged researchers to look for better gene delivery alternates and optimizing ...

background: keratinocyte stem cell is one of the adult stem cells that inhabits the skin and contributes to skin function and renewal. adult stem cells are best defined by their capacity to self-renew, and to maintain tissue function for a long period of time. these findings indicate the importance of these cells for clinical applications including regenerative medicine, tissue engineering and ...

clinical applications of mesenchymal stem cells (mscs) rely on their capacity to home and engraft in the appropriate target tissues for a long time. homing and engraftment capacity of these stem cells depend on the expression of chemokines and their receptors. ex vivo expanded mscs exhibit homing potential when grafted to injury tissue but their homing efficiency has been observed very poor bec...

thalassemia is an autosomal recessive disorder associated with defective synthesis of the α- or β-chain of hemoglobin. for β-thalassemia major patients, therapeutic options are either monthly red cell transfusions and chelation therapy or allogeneic stem cell transplant. stem cell transplant is the only curative approach and success is inversely correlated with the degree of iron overload and h...

trying to use embryonic stem cells about 20 years ago, working with animals,  especially rats began. during these years , many experiments in mouse embryonic stem cells to transform into a variety of cells and transplanting them were led to remarkable success . in the next issue of human stem cells were considered successful until finally in 1998 the first report was published in the proliferat...

differentiation is an epigenetic process which is installed by changes of transcriptional programs over successive cellular divisions. a number of studies have reported the effects of biochemical modifications of chromatin (dna and chromatin proteins) on the regulation of transcription. although, these studies are able to explain how transcription of a given gene is regulated (toward activation...

background degenerative retinal diseases, including age related macular degeneration, glaucoma, and hereditary retinal dystrophies are major causes of blindness. the principal defect in these diseases is cell loss which is amenable to both cell based neuroprotective and neuroregenerative therapies. to briefly review the lines of research and potential candidates for cell based therapies among r...